Colorado pera

A 45-year-old member with seven years of service credit: The benefit amount calculated at age 60 will be based on 22 years of service credit with a 2 percent salary growth assumption over the 15-year period. At age 65, the estimate is calculated on 27 years of service with a 2 percent salary growth assumption over the 20-year period.

Employees' Retirement Association of Colorado (PERA) details the plan's performance from January 1, 2021, through December 31, 2021. In 2021, PERA marked its 90th year of providing retirement and other benefits to Colorado's public employees. When the Colorado General Assembly established PERA in 1931, the Association had fewer thanPurpose and Scope. The Office of the State Auditor engaged CliftonLarsonAllen LLP (CLA) to conduct a financial and compliance audit of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (Colorado PERA) for the year ended December 31, 2020. CLA performed this audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United ...Legislative Council Staff is the nonpartisan research and support service agency for the Colorado General Assembly. Legislative Council Staff Nonpartisan Services for Colorado's Legislature IssueBrief March 2020Number 20-09 PERA's Automatic Adjustment Provision By Erin Reynolds Senate Bill 18-200, Modifications to the Colorado PublicRights, benefits, and obligations regarding PERA are governed by Title 24, Article 51 of Colorado Revised Statutes, and the Rules of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association, which take precedence over any information on this Site.Colorado Public Employees’ Retirement Association 1301 Pennsylvania Street • Denver, Colorado 80203 • 303-832-9550 • 1-800-759-PERA (7372) • www.copera.org February 2014It was another frustrating year for Colorado’s 631,000 public pension members. Despite a banner stock market year that saw Colorado’s Public Employees’ Retirement Association generate 17.4% returns on its investments — more than double its target — the state’s public pension still ended 2020 in worse financial shape than it … The minimum age for a normal PERA retirement is 58 for the most recent hires in the School Division and 60 for the most recent hires in other divisions not including Troopers, giving Colorado one of the lower – but not the lowest – retirement ages in this comparative group.

Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. Downloadable Membership Form. For any questions on Membership or more information please call (877)514-0660. Discover membership with the Colorado Educational and Public Employees Retirement Association safeguards your retirement benefits, pensions, and supplemental insurance benefits from AMBA. Learn more about CSPERA!Opera Colorado 1 week ago We're so excited to bring Saint-Saëns's gorgeous music to the stage in a few short weeks! Get your tickets now. https://buff.ly/4aycl6B Music credit Samson et Delilah, Act III: Bacchanale By: Camille Saint-Saëns Performed By: Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin, Hanns-Martin Schneidt Courtesy of Naxos of America,...In 2009, the general assembly enacted legislation to merge the Denver public schools retirement system into the public employees' retirement association (PERA), effective January 1, 2010. The merger legislation created a Denver public schools (DPS) division within PERA and set the employer and member contribution rates for that division.The administrative fee is a flat rate of $1 per month. Participants also pay a 0.03% total asset-based fee. All eligible employees can enroll in the PERA 401 (k) plan. This is a defined contribution plan that employees can choose whether to contribute funds before or after tax. The pretax option lowers your taxable income now.Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...

In 2009, the general assembly enacted legislation to merge the Denver public schools retirement system into the public employees' retirement association (PERA), effective January 1, 2010. The merger legislation created a Denver public schools (DPS) division within PERA and set the employer and member contribution rates for that division.The option is a 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent survivor benefit. Upon the member's death, these benefits pay 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent of the value of the current monthly pension to the individual named as the survivor. If you select a survivor option and your survivor dies before you, the amount of the pension will increase to the level of the ...Inside Colorado PERA. Recap of PERA Board's January 2023 Meeting POSTED 443 DAYS AGO. The PERA Board of Trustees met in Denver on Jan. 20 for its first meeting of 2023. Trustees discussed the 2023 PERA-related legislative landscape, continued work on the Board's strategic vision for the future, and heard updates from PERA staff. ...Health care may be one of your biggest concerns in retirement. If you are retired, or about to retire, you may want to check out a 45-minute PERACare Information Webinar that explains the retiree health care, dental and vision plan insurance options offered through PERA. Retiree health plans are offered for people under 65 and for people over 65 and on Medicare, so please choose a webinar ... After years of service to Colorado, you’re enjoying life at a different pace. But you still need to stay informed about how the choices you make might affect your monthly PERA benefit. Here you’ll find the tools and information you need to manage your account by adjusting your tax withholding, participating in PERA’s health benefits ... Jan 1, 2011 · Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software.

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Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) provides retirement and other benefits to the employees of more than 500 government agencies and public entities in the state of Colorado. About Colorado PERA. State of Colorado. Website supported by: Department of Personnel & Administration. Division of Human Resources. 1525 Sherman …PERA has more than $30 billion in unfunded future obligations to pensioners. Lawmakers must now decide whether to keep stashing money for future years and potentially miss out on hundreds of millions of dollars in investment income, or to put the money directly into PERA to get the biggest financial return.If you're wondering how a change in employment or another big life change might affect your PERA account, know that we are here to help. Start by exploring the resources below for more details. If you need assistance at any point, let us know. To report the death of a PERA member or retiree, contact us at 800-759-7372. Colorado PERA and Furlough Days From July 1, 2002, through June 30, 2004 fact sheet. However, please note that state law does not allow make-up contributions for furlough days after June 30, 2004, see the fact sheet below. Colorado PERA and Furlough Days After June 30, 2004 fact sheet Section 125 Plans Term-Certain Benefit Option for Surviving Spouse. The member must be vested and actively employed in a PERA covered position at the time of death in order for the spouse to be eligible for the term-certain option. The term-certain options would provide monthly benefits over 10, 15 or 20 years.

PERA is the 21st largest public pension plan in the United States. Established by State law in 1931, PERA operates by authority of the Colorado General Assembly and is administered under Title 24, Article 51 of the Colorado Revised Statutes. Its membership includes: employees of the Colorado state government,Effective July 1, 2004, PERA employers contribute 1.02% of salary to the Health Care Trust Fund. Under Senate Bill (SB) 18-200, member and employer contributions will automatically adjust beginning July 1, 2020, to ensure that PERA is able to pay off its unfunded liability. Both member and employer contribution rates can each increase (or ...Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) provides retirement and other benefits to the employees of more than 500 government agencies and public entities in the state of Colorado. About Colorado PERA. State of Colorado. Website supported by: Department of Personnel & Administration. Division of Human Resources. 1525 Sherman …Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association. 1301 Pennsylvania Street • Denver, Colorado 80203 • 1-800-759-PERA (7372) • www.copera.org July 2014 ... the "Colorado PERA Monthly Retirement Benefit" calculator on the PERA website. q. Request a benefit estimate from Social Security ifColorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...PERA distributes more than $4.4 billion a year to more than 110,000 public employee retirees who live in Colorado. It has some $66 billion in assets. The executive director is responsible for the ...Our 2023 endorsements for the PERA Board of Trustees. May 7, 2023. Read More. Secure PERA Announces 2022 Candidate Endorsements. September 21, 2022. Read More. VIEW ALL POSTS . EVENTS. Upcoming Events. No event found! Email Us Facebook Us Tweet Us About Us; Learn More; Take Action; Search. Facebook-f Twitter ©2020 Colorado Coalition For ... This report was prepared by Segal Consulting to present a funding valuation of the Division Trust Funds of the Public Employees’ Retirement Association of Colorado (PERA) as of December 31, 2018. The funding valuation was performed to determine whether the assets and contribution rates are sufficient to provide the prescribed benefits. Defined benefit (DB) retirement plan, or “pension plan” – e.g., Colorado PERA, FPPA, etc. Plan defines retirement or other benefit based on certain conditions and formulas. Commonly referred to as a pension. Participation: Available to employees if an employer sponsors the plan, which can include public- or private-sector employees.If either Standard or Unum has denied your claim for PERA disability retirement or short-term disability benefits, please contact our office online or call 720-773-5045 for an assessment of your case. We offer free Review of Denied Claims. The Denver disability lawyers at McDermott Law, LLC, have considerable experience pursuing PERA disability ...Colorado Public Employees’ Retirement Association 1301 Pennsylvania Street, Denver, Colorado 80203 • 800-759-PERA (7372) • copera.org March 2024. Colorado PERA's Website. Colorado PERA's Website

Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...

Public employees' retirement association - defined benefit plan modifications to eliminate unfunded liability - highest average salary - gross salary - state trooper definition - sensitivity analysis - confidential information - termination of affiliation - member and employer contributions - automatic adjustments - direct distribution - age and service requirements - cost of living adjustment ...Here's an overview of what it means to be a Colorado PERA member and some of the benefits you receive. Learn more: https://bit.ly/35FwNDa. See less. Comments.Dan Chilton - Senior Portfolio Manager, Private Equity - Colorado PERA | LinkedIn. Denver, Colorado, United States Contact Info. 329 followers 327 connections.Colorado PERA is a nonprofit investment management company that provides retirement benefits to over 600,000 current and former public employees in Colorado. Follow its LinkedIn page to see updates, job opportunities, and insights on its work and culture.Public employees' retirement association - defined benefit plan modifications to eliminate unfunded liability - highest average salary - gross salary - state trooper definition - sensitivity analysis - confidential information - termination of affiliation - member and employer contributions - automatic adjustments - direct distribution - age and service requirements - cost of living adjustment ...New contribution limits. Earlier this month, the Internal Revenue Service announced updated contribution limits for 401 (k) and 457 plans for 2022. Participants will be able to contribute up to $20,500 into a 401 (k) or 457 plan next year, up from $19,500 in 2020 and 2021. The IRS said the catch-up contribution limit for participants who are 50 ...Jul 5, 2023 · PERA provides benefits to nearly 1 out of every 10 Coloradans who are current and former teachers, state troopers, snowplow drivers, corrections officers, and other public employees who provide valuable services to all of Colorado. Of the $5.2 billion paid last year, $4.5 billion went to 112,509 PERA retirees living in Colorado. Colorado PERA has developed this online portal to facilitate initial engagement and performance tracking of emerging and traditional external investment managers.Colorado PERA retirees are already penalized by low COLA's, inflation, ever increasing medical costs and new retirees do not get a raise for a few years. Social security should not be reduced when earned. It is already reduced by not contributing once in PERA but should not be reduced on monies already paid to social security.

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Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...Colorado PERA was established in 1931. Colorado PERA administers cost-sharing multiple-employer defined benefit plans for the State Division Trust Fund, School Division Trust Fund, Local Government Division Trust Fund, and Judicial Division Trust Fund, and a single-employer defined benefit plan for the Denver Public Schools Trust Fund (Division ...No, your PERA is not considered an IRA contribution. The employer put the the amount if box 14 just for reconciliation purposes but it is not a deduction that you can take separately on your tax return as an IRA contribution. Please do not enter the amount from box 14 as a separate entry in Deductions & Credits section, IRA contributions.Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...New. Colorado Department of Human Services 3.1. Hybrid work in Pueblo, CO 81003. $56,028 - $72,840 a year. Full-time + 1. Monday to Friday. Strong, secure, yet flexible retirement benefits including a PERA Defined Benefit Plan or PERA Defined Contribution Plan www.copera.org plus 401 (k) and 457…. Posted 4 days ago. Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen …In 2021, PERA marked its 90th year of providing retirement and other benefits to Colorado's public employees. When PERA was established in 1931 by the Colorado General Assembly, the Association had fewer than 1,500 members and just $63,000 in assets. Today, PERA manages more than $76.8 billion on behalf of nearly 650,000 members and benefit ... Colorado PERA and Furlough Days From July 1, 2002, through June 30, 2004 fact sheet. However, please note that state law does not allow make-up contributions for furlough days after June 30, 2004, see the fact sheet below. Colorado PERA and Furlough Days After June 30, 2004 fact sheet Section 125 Plans ….

Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...Lawmakers Pass Bill to Refresh Study on Value of PERA’s Defined Benefit Plan February 21, 2024 Understanding the Financial Impact of Working After Retirement January 11, 2024 2024 Proposed Legislation StatusColorado PERA 1-800-795-7372 copera.org. Both plans offer the same PERAdvantage investment options and Empower Retirement is the recordkeeper for both plans. 401(k) election/payroll form 401(k) form for non-PERA members PERA manages the 401(k) plan. To participate, complete a salary deferral election form and the necessary PERA application.Contact the PERA Defined Contribution Team for more information or to affiliate with the PERAPlus 457 Plan or to adopt the Roth option. 303-398-7665. [email protected]. The PERAPlus 401 (k) and 457 Plans allow employees to save for retirement beyond their Colorado PERA benefit. All PERA employers offer …Concerning public employees' retirement association employment after retirement limitations. Session: 2022 Regular Session. ... Colorado legislature email addresses ending in @state.co.us are no longer active. Please replace @state.co.us with @coleg.gov for Colorado legislature email addresses.Gabriel, Roeder, Smith & Company was engaged by the Colorado Legislative Council Staff (LCS) to review economic, non-economic, and investment assumptions used to model PERA's financial situation, as required by Senate Bill 18-200. In particular, GRS has reviewed the assumptions used in the most recent actuarial results as of December 31, 2020.Colorado PERA recently announced that it is now offering a Roth feature in its optional retirement savings accounts, the PERAPlus 401(k) and 457 Plans.PERA members whose employers have adopted the Roth option are allowed to make Roth contributions. Named for their congressional sponsor, former Delaware Senator William Roth, these are tax-paid retirement savings accounts, meaning that ...Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ... Colorado pera, Medicare plans. Health insurance for individuals who are 65 or older, or those under 65 who may qualify because of a disability or another special situation. Call 1-844-232-1426 to learn more. We offer low cost or no cost health insurance plans for those with limited incomes. Individual & Family ACA Marketplace plans — Medical plan coverage ..., Colorado legislature email addresses ending in @state.co.us are no longer active.Please replace @state.co.us with @coleg.gov for Colorado legislature email addresses. Details The effective date for bills enacted without a safety clause is August 7, 2024, if the General Assembly adjourns sine die on May 8, 2024, unless otherwise specified., the Colorado Revised Statutes, and the Rules of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association, which take precedence over any interpretations in this fact sheet. 8/85 (REV 8-21) CONTACT PERA. Visit PERA's website at . www.copera.org Call PERA's Customer Service . Center at 1-800-759-7372. Send mail to PERA at. PO Box 5800. Denver ..., Senior Director of Benefit Services at Colorado PERA · Experience: Colorado PERA · Education: University of Colorado Boulder · Location: Denver Metropolitan Area · 133 connections on LinkedIn., The Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association - PERA is a member-based nonprofit organization that was established in 1931 to provide benefits, including retirement benefits, to public and government employees in the state of Colorado. ... Colorado PERA has more than 600,000 active members and more than 100,000 benefit recipients and ..., Colorado PERA and Furlough Days After June 30, 2004 fact sheet Section 125 Plans. For members whose membership began on or before June 30, 2019, any money placed in a Section 125 flexible spending account, other than contributions to a Health Savings Account (HSA), is not considered salary for PERA purposes., How to Read Your 1099-R. If you received pension benefit payments from Colorado PERA in 2023, we will mail year-end tax information on IRS Form 1099-R by January 31, 2024. You will need this form to file your income tax return. More helpful information, including a video and an overview of 1099 information, is available here. 1—Gross ..., In Colorado, teachers are a part of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA), which includes not only teachers but all public employees. The system was established in 1931 and is the largest public retirement system in the state., This report was prepared by Segal Consulting to present a funding valuation of the Division Trust Funds of the Public Employees' Retirement Association of Colorado (PERA) as of December 31, 2018. The funding valuation was performed to determine whether the assets and contribution rates are sufficient to provide the prescribed benefits., PERA Employer Representative Search For employer questions only; if you are a member or retiree, please contact Customer Service at 1-800-759-7372. Search by employer number, In 2021, PERA marked its 90th year of providing retirement and other benefits to Colorado’s public employees. When the Colorado General Assembly established PERA in 1931, the Association had fewer than 1,500 members and approximately $63,000 in assets. Today, PERA manages more than $76.8 billion in assets on behalf of nearly, All DPS employees and most of Colorado's other public employees contribute to the Colorado PERA retirement program rather than social security. The PERA retirement plan offers a sound foundation for retirement income, but there is more that you can do to ensure your desired retirement lifestyle. Saving for retirement starts now, and DPS has many opportunities for you to invest in your future!, Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ..., Colorado Department of Human Services. Hybrid remote in Denver, CO 80246. $68,100 - $88,536 a year. Full-time. Monday to Friday + 1. Predominantly remote with a minimum of one in-person meeting a month.. Strong, secure, yet flexible retirement benefits including a PERA Defined Benefit Plan…., Defined Contribution (DC) Plan Investments. PERA established the Voluntary Investment Program (PERAPlus 401 (k) Plan) on January 1, 1985. The PERAPlus 401 (k) Plan includes voluntary contributions…. Colorado PERA invests retirement and Health Care Trust Fund assets for the sole benefit of the members in the defined benefit plan and offers a…. , PERA Employer Representative Search For employer questions only; if you are a member or retiree, please contact Customer Service at 1-800-759-7372. Search by employer number, Add Benefits. Glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it's like to work at Colorado PERA, including salaries, reviews, office photos, and more. This is the Colorado PERA company profile. All content is posted anonymously by employees working at Colorado PERA. See what employees say it's like to work at Colorado PERA., Colorado PERA Medicare Advantage # 2 Effective January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 This is a short summary of your plan benefits and costs. See your Summary of Benefits for more information. Or review the Evidence of Coverage for a complete description of benefits, limitations,, Colorado PERA officials place blame on the Colorado General Assembly for creating the latest PERA financial downturn: "Other notable factors (for the downturn in PERA's fiscal position) include employers not contributing the actuarially determined contribution rates, the sale of purchased service credit at rates below actuarial costs, and ..., PERA was established by the Colorado General Assembly in 1931 and is a substitute for Social Security for most of these public employees. Visit PERA's website for more information. Photos. The Penn Center. Colorado PERA logo. Also at this address. Butcher & Widlund. Suite 900. Cheating Spouse Investigations., Title 24, Article 51 of the Colorado Revised Statutes, the Rules of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association, and PERA's 401(k) and Defined Contribution Plan and Trust Document, which take precedence over any interpretations in this guide. For detailed information about the PERAPlus 401(k) Plan, please review, The option is a 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent survivor benefit. Upon the member's death, these benefits pay 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent of the value of the current monthly pension to the individual named as the survivor. If you select a survivor option and your survivor dies before you, the amount of the pension will increase to the level of the ..., Member contribution rates are established by state law and determined as a percent of member pay. Contribution rates can automatically adjust on a yearly basis, determined by PERA’s progress toward paying off its unfunded liability. The rates can increase or decrease by up to 0.5% per year, and cannot exceed certain limits also set in law., Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ..., Colorado PERA recently announced that it is now offering a Roth feature in its optional retirement savings accounts, the PERAPlus 401(k) and 457 Plans.PERA members whose employers have adopted the Roth option are allowed to make Roth contributions. Named for their congressional sponsor, former Delaware Senator William Roth, these are tax-paid retirement savings accounts, meaning that ..., Secure PERA Announces 2022 Candidate Endorsements. September 21, 2022. Read More., It's easy for Colorado PERA members to access their online account. Learn how to create your account and log in and see how much money you have saved, estimate your retirement, and more., The University of Colorado aims to empower all employees to secure their financial stability in retirement. All eligible employees must participate in one of three mandatory plans, and as a state employer, some CU employees are eligible to participate in a Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) plan. PERA offers two plan options, a Defined Benefit (DB) plan and a Defined ..., 15.05 Definitions. A DRO for the PERA defined benefit plan, the PERA defined contribution plan, the PERA 401(k) Plan, or the PERA 457 Plan shall consist of: (1) The written agreement for a DRO pursuant to C.R.S. §14‐10‐113(6) (hereinafter “agreement”) and (2) The domestic relations order (hereinafter “order”)., Client Service Center: 1-866-277-1649. Fax: 1-207-771-4022. Unum. NCG Administrative Services. PO Box 9783. Portland, ME 04104-5083. Colorado PERA offers an optional decreasing term life insurance program administered by Unum. The life insurance program includes the following…., Like many investors, Colorado PERA experienced a negative return on its investment portfolio in 2022. The total fund ended the year with a return of -13.4% net of fees, compared to the benchmark 's -13.7% return.. While the markets may go up or down in a given year, PERA's portfolio is designed to generate value over the course of several decades., Contact PERA. Due to privacy concerns, PERA will not email specific financial information such as balances, retirement estimates, etc. In addition, PERA cannot reset your PIN, user ID or password via an email request. Please call PERA's Customer Service Center at 1-800-759-7372 or send a secure request (see below)., Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...